Tad 教材網 - 線上書籍

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\[1062\] PHP7入門
===============

### 一、 先完成上星期未完成的部份

1. 先關閉錯誤訊息，避免登入的ajax被卡住
2. 加入分頁、上下頁功能、完成多關鍵字搜尋功能
 
### 二、 用join一次抓取兩個以上的資料表資料

1. [先下載缺少的檔案](https://www.tad0616.net/uploads/tad_book3/file/43/street_news.zip)，並在function.php補上： ```
    
    
    //讀出所有類別
    function list_topic()
    {
        global $db, $smarty;
    
        $sql    = "SELECT * FROM `topic` ORDER BY `topic_sn` ";
        $result = $db->query($sql) or die($db->error);
        $all    = [];
        $i      = 0;
        while ($data = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
            $all[$i] = $data;
            $i++;
        }
    
        //die(var_export($all));
        list_topic_status();
        $smarty->assign('all', $all);
    
    }
    
    //讀出所有TOPIC_status
    function list_topic_status()
    {
        if (!isset($smarty)) {
            global $smarty;
        }
    
        //狀態值增刪記得修改TABLE值
        $status = ['開始投稿', '當期', '一般', '關閉'];
        $smarty->assign('topic_status', $status);
    
    }
    ```
2. 在nav.tpl加上 ```
    
    <a href="topic.php"  class="nav-link text-white">專題設定</a>
    ```
3. 下載[admin.zip](https://www.tad0616.net/uploads/tad_book3/file/43/admin.zip)及[templates.zip](https://www.tad0616.net/uploads/tad_book3/file/43/templates.zip)，覆蓋原檔，這是文章發布的部份。
4. 當兩個資料表的欄位有關連時才能用join，例如topic分類資料表的topic\_sn以及article中的topic\_sn，欄位名稱不一定要相同，但代表的意義必須一樣。SQL語法為： ```
    
    SELECT a.*, b.* FROM 左表 AS a JOIN 右表 AS b ON a.欄位 = b.欄位 WHERE 條件
    ```
5. 若關聯的欄位名稱一樣，亦可以用「`USING 欄位`」來取代「`ON a.欄位 = b.欄位`」
6. 假設有這兩個表： <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:
     collapse;width:267pt" width="355"> <colgroup> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:896;width:21pt" width="28"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:2432;width:57pt" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:1664;width:39pt" width="52"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:672;width:16pt" width="21"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:2432;width:57pt" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3264;width:77pt" width="102"></col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" colspan="3" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 117pt; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51);" width="156">**article**</td> <td style="width:16pt" width="21"> </td> <td class="xl67" colspan="2" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 0.5pt solid rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 134pt; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);" width="178">**topic**</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">sn</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">topic\_sn</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">title</td> <td> </td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">topic\_sn</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">topic\_title</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">文章1</td> <td> </td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); width: 21pt; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);" width="28">2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">文章2</td> <td> </td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">分類2</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">文章3</td> <td> </td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 255, 204);">分類4</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); width: 21pt; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);" width="28">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">文章4</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">5</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">文章5</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); width: 21pt; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);" width="28">6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 51, 51); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 51, 51); text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204);">文章6</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
7. 以MySQL來說，常用的join有四種： 
    - (1) `JOIN`：左右表都要有資料才會取出 ```
        
        SELECT a.*, b.* FROM article AS a JOIN topic AS b ON a.topic_sn= b.topic_sn
        ```
        
        結果為
        
         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:
         collapse;width:194pt" width="258"> <colgroup> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:896;width:21pt" width="28"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:2432;width:57pt" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:1664;width:39pt" width="52"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3264;width:77pt" width="102"></col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 21pt; text-align: center; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" width="28">**sn**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 57pt; text-align: center;" width="76">**topic\_sn**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 39pt; text-align: center;" width="52">**title**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 77pt; text-align: center;" width="102">**topic\_title**</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
    - (2)` LEFT JOIN`：以左表為主，右表有就取出，沒有就空白。 ```
        
        SELECT a.*, b.* FROM article AS a LEFT JOIN topic AS b ON a.topic_sn= b.topic_sn
        ```
        
        結果為
        
         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:
         collapse;width:194pt" width="258"> <colgroup> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:896;width:21pt" width="28"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:2432;width:57pt" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:1664;width:39pt" width="52"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3264;width:77pt" width="102"></col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 21pt; text-align: center; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" width="28">**sn**</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 57pt; text-align: center;" width="76">**topic\_sn**</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 39pt; text-align: center;" width="52">**title**</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 77pt; text-align: center;" width="102">**topic\_title**</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章1</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl67" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">2</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章2</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章3</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl67" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">4</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章4</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">5</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章5</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl67" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">6</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">4</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章6</td> <td class="xl66" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
    - (3) `RIGHT JOIN`：以右表為主，左表有就取出，沒有就空白。 ```
        
        SELECT a.*, b.* FROM article AS a RIGHT JOIN topic AS b ON a.topic_sn= b.topic_sn
        ```
        
        結果為
        
         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:
         collapse;width:194pt" width="258"> <colgroup> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:896;width:21pt" width="28"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:2432;width:57pt" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:1664;width:39pt" width="52"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3264;width:77pt" width="102"></col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 21pt; text-align: center; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" width="28">**sn**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 57pt; text-align: center;" width="76">**topic\_sn**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 39pt; text-align: center;" width="52">**title**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 77pt; text-align: center;" width="102">**topic\_title**</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類2</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 21pt; text-align: center;" width="28">6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
    - (4) `FULL JOIN`：左右表只要其中一個有資料就會取出。（ FULL JOIN是 LEFT JOIN 與 RIGHT JOIN 的聯集. 但MySQL沒有直接支援 FULL JOIN，故用 [UNION](http://webdesign.kerthis.com/sql/sql_union) 來得到同樣的結果 ） ```
        
        SELECT a.*, b.* FROM article AS a LEFT JOIN topic AS b ON a.topic_sn= b.topic_sn
        UNION
        SELECT a.*, b.* FROM article AS a RIGHT JOIN topic AS b ON a.topic_sn= b.topic_sn
        ```
        
        結果為
        
         <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:
         collapse;width:206pt" width="274"> <colgroup> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:1408;width:33pt" width="44"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:2432;width:57pt" width="76"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:1664;width:39pt" width="52"></col> <col style="mso-width-source:userset;mso-width-alt:3264;width:77pt" width="102"></col> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 33pt; text-align: center; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" width="44">**sn**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 57pt; text-align: center;" width="76">**topic\_sn**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 39pt; text-align: center;" width="52">**title**</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 77pt; text-align: center;" width="102">**topic\_title**</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 33pt; text-align: center;" width="44">2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">1</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類1</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">2</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類2</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 33pt; text-align: center;" width="44">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">5</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">3</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章5</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">NULL</td> </tr> <tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt"> <td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.25pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); width: 33pt; text-align: center;" width="44">6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">4</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">文章6</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: medium none rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: center;">分類4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
 
### 三、 寄信機制

1. PHP可以透過`mail()`來寄信，前提是主機本身要設定好機信機制，不管是用SMTP或sendmail其語法如下： ```
    
    mail($收信人的Email, $主旨, $信件內容, $headers);
    ```
2. 一般而言，寄信內容是純文字的，若要使用網頁語法，那麼必須設定`$headers` ```
    
    $headers  = 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . "\r\n";
    $headers .= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8' . "\r\n";
    ```
3. 若要帶附檔，則需要先將檔案編碼，或者直接改用PHPMailer來處理。
 
### 四、 下拉選單、單複選的預設值寫法

1. select用`selected`，radio和checkbox用`checked`，一般我們直接在樣板中判斷即可 ```
    
    <option value="類別" {if $topic.topic_type=="類別" }selected{/if}>類別</option>
    <option value="主題" {if $topic.topic_type=="主題" }selected{/if}>主題</option>
    ```
 
### 五、 友善列印（或其他分享按鈕）

1. <https://www.addtoany.com/>
2. 點擊「Get the button code for」選擇「Any site」，然後點擊Choose Services…設定需要的服務（友善列印為printfriendly），點擊「Get Button Code」複製語法，並貼到樣板檔即可。

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